Congenital Heart Disease - Overview

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Cause	Clinical Features	Examples
Left-to-right shunting	🔹 Tachypnea
🔹 Poor weight gain
🔹 Sweating with feeds	🔹 Ventricular septal defect
🔹 Atrial septal defect
🔹 Isolated patent ductus arteriosus
Right-to-left shunting	🔹 Cyanosis	🔹 Transposition of the great vessels
🔹 Tetralogy of Fallot
🔹 Tricuspid atresia
🔹 Anomalous pulmonary venous return
🔹 Truncus arteriosus
Interrupted left ventricular output	🔹 Pallor or shock
🔹 Severe acidosis	🔹 Coarctation of the aorta
🔹 Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Defect & Association

Association	Defect
Prenatal Alcohol Exposure (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome)	🔹 VSD
🔹 PDA
🔹 ASD
🔹 Tetralogy of Fallot
Congenital Rubella	🔹 PDA
🔹 Pulmonary Artery Stenosis
🔹 Septal Defects
Down Syndrome	🔹 AV Septal Defect (Endocardial Cushion Defect)
🔹 VSD
🔹 ASD
Infant of Patient with Diabetes During Pregnancy	🔹 Transposition of Great Arteries
🔹 Truncus Arteriosus
🔹 Tricuspid Atresia
🔹 VSD
Marfan Syndrome	🔹 MVP
🔹 Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection
🔹 Aortic Regurgitation
Prenatal Lithium Exposure	🔹 Ebstein Anomaly
Turner Syndrome	🔹 Bicuspid Aortic Valve
🔹 Coarctation of Aorta
Williams Syndrome	🔹 Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis
22q11 Syndromes	🔹 Truncus Arteriosus
🔹 Tetralogy of Fallot