Table Of Contents

Cardiac Malignancies

Watch ▶Cardiac and vascular tumors: Pathology review

Metastases

Common Primary Sites

• Melanoma, lung, breast, soft-tissue tumors, hematologic malignancies.

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Note

• Melanoma is famous for its ability to metastasize nealy anywhere. </aside>

Atrial Myxoma

Prevalence

• Accounts for 75% of primary cardiac neoplasms (1#).

Characteristics

• Benign mesenchymal growth.
• Typically pedunculated.
• Commonly found in the left atrium.

Clinical Features

• Cardiovascular symptoms (chest pain, dyspnea, palpitations
• Embolization (stroke, arterial occlusion)
• Constitutional symptoms (fever, weight loss) due to tmunor’s high production IL-6.
• May present with a low-pitched diastolic murmur (diastolic plop).

Diagnosis

• Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) for initial evaluation.

Management

• Surgical excision.

Rhabdomyomas

General

• Predominantly seen in children.
• Often associated with tuberous sclerosis.

Clinical Features

• Cardiac symptoms related to tumor size and location.

Diagnosis

• Typically diagnosed on imaging studies such as echocardiography.

Management

• Observation or surgical intervention based on symptoms and tumor characteristics.

Vascular Malignancies

Angiosarcoma

Definition

• Rare malignant tumor originating from blood vessels.

Epidemiology

• Typically affects sun-exposed areas in elderly patients
• May occur secondary to radiation therapy or chronic postmastectomy lymphedema.

Clinical Features

• Variable depending on the location and extent of the tumor.
• Cardiac involvement can present with non-specific symptoms initially.

Diagnosis

• Biopsy for definitive diagnosis; imaging (CT, MRI) to assess extent.

Management

• Surgical resection if feasible; radiation therapy and chemotherapy for unrespectable cases.

The Rest will be discussed in DERMATOLOGY