Anatomy

Superficial Back muscles

Trapezius muscle

Rhomboid major and minor muscles

Teres major muscle

Latissimus dorsi muscle

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Random information from RX Q-bank (not that important)

Vertebral Anatomy

Components

                           Anatomy of the vertebra

                       **Anatomy of the vertebra**

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Clinical correlation

                      Vertebral ligaments

                  **Vertebral ligaments**

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Anatomical relations

Back pain

Differential diagnosis of back pain

Condition Clinical clues
Degenerative (osteoarthritis) ◦ Positional
Relieved with rest
Radiculopathy
(eg, disc herniation) Radiates to leg
◦ Sensory & motor findings
◦ Positive straight-leg raising test
Spinal stenosis ◦ Pain with standing (spinal extension)
◦ Relieved by spinal flexion
Spondyloarthropathy ◦ Young men
◦ HLA-B27
Relieved with exercise
◦ Prolonged morning stiffness
Spinal metastasis ◦ Constant pain
◦ Worse at night
◦ Not responsive to position changes
◦ Malignancies with a propensity for bony metastasis include Prostate, Breast, Kidney, Thyroid, and Lung (mnemonic: Pb KTL, or "lead kettle").
◦ Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in older men and frequently metastasizes to the axial skeleton and femur.
Vertebral osteomyelitis ◦ Focal tenderness
◦ Fevers & night sweats
◦ Recent infection, intravenous drug abuse, or immune compromise
Psychogenic ◦ Evidence of secondary gain (eg, litigation/compensation)
◦ unusual pattern of signs and symptoms can help identify these patients.
Pott disease ◦ History of emigration from a tuberculosis-endemic region (far east Asia)
◦ Progressive back pain, intermittent fever, and vertebral bone destruction with an adjacent fluid collection (abscess)

Neoplastic cord compression

Etiology

Presentation

Diagnosis

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Spondylolisthesis

Definition

Etiology

Pathogenesis

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Pott disease

Pathophysiology